27/APR/1998
This README file is to accompany the following file:

  tengm19d.zip    Tengwar Macros for Microsoft Word 6 & 7 (version 1.9d)

  copyright - 1998 - Daniel Steven Smith
  fontmaster@geocities.com 
  http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/4948/index.html



What files are in this ZIP file:
================================================================================
TENGWAR.DOT ..... The MS-Word 6/7 document template containing the Tengwar 
                  macros and toolbar.  Requires font packs: "Tengwar Quenya", 
			"Tengwar Sindarin", "Tengwar Noldor" and Tengwar Help file.)
READ-ME.TXT ..... This file.



What is this file:
================================================================================
This ZIP archive contains a Microsoft Word 6.0 & 7.0 (Office 95) compatible 
document template file.  These macros will not work with Microsoft Word 8.0 
(Office 97) or higher.  This document template contains five WordBasic macros 
and a Tengwar toolbar.  (The Tengwar alphabet was devised by J.R.R. Tolkien and 
used by the Elves to write in their native languages).  Before installing this 
plug-in, ensure that you have the latest versions of my Tengwar font packs for 
Windows and Tengwar Help file.  You can get the  latest versions of my fonts by 
visiting my WWW home page (listed above).  These utilities greatly simplify 
using my Tengwar font packs for Windows.  

The toolbar and macros are installed by an 'AutoOpen' WordBasic macro. This 
macro may trigger a FALSE positive when using a many anti-virus programs.  This 
is why: the "AutoOpen" WordBasic macro starts running as soon as the document 
template file is opened by Microsoft Word.  My "AutoOpen" macro will ask for 
permission before installing anything, and even has the ability to later 
uninstall everything that it had previously installed.  Unfortunately, Microsoft 
has found that some Hackers have been able to insert destructive commands into 
"AutoOpen" WordBasic macros.  Companies that make Anti-virus software have 
responded by making their programs scan and report any occurrence of "AutoOpen" 
WordBasic macros in Microsoft Word documents or document templates. If you are 
using such an Anti-virus program, and you attempt to open this Microsoft Word 
document template files, your WordBasic anti-virus detector may identify my 
"AutoOpen" macro and FALSELY identify it as a virus. 

My WordBasic macros have been tested and have run without problems on several 
different PCs running Microsoft Word 6 & 7 on Microsoft Windows 3.1, 95 & NT.  
None of these WordBasic macros contain any commands or instructions that could 
in any way harm or damage your PC. But just to be safe and legal I need to state 
that: 

   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   "By installing these Fonts and associated WordBasic macros on their PCs, 
   the user assumes all responsibility for their use or misuse. Daniel S. 
   Smith can not be held responsible for any damages caused by using these 
   Fonts or WordBasic macros." 
   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



Restrictions:
================================================================================
This Microsoft Word plug-in is Postcard-ware.  If you like it and use it, please 
send me a postcard or letter (using an attractive or interesting stamp). If you 
supply me with your email address, I'll try to write back. You can get my 
current postal address by visiting my WWW home page (listed above).  If you do 
write, please tell me of your Tengwar writing interests.  

This Microsoft Word plug-in cannot be sold for a profit.  (Although, if you 
really enjoy using this plug-in and need to find some financial way of showing 
your appreciation, any and all donations will be gladly accepted.)  

CD-ROM and Shareware distributors are required to notify me before distributing 
this Microsoft Word plug-in.

This Microsoft Word plug-in may be used to create any personal, private or 
non-commercial publication.  This Microsoft Word plug-in may NOT be used in any 
commercial product without my permission. 



How to install/uninstall the Microsoft Word toolbar and macros:
================================================================================
1) Before installing this plug-in, ensure that you have the latest versions of 
   my Tengwar font packs for Windows and Tengwar Help file.  You can get the 
   latest versions of my fonts by visiting my WWW home page (listed above).  

2) Un-Zip and install the Tengwar fonts into Windows according using your 
   Windows Control Panel. (Visit: www.winzip.com to download an un-zipping 
   program, if necessary.)

3) Un-Zip the latest version of my Tengwar Help file into a Temporary directory.

4) Un-Zip this ZIP file into the same Temporary directory.

5) Start Microsoft Word 6 or 7.

6) From the Microsoft Word "File" drop-down menu, open the  "TENGWAR.DOT" file. 

7) A dialog box should appear and ask you for permission to continue with the 
   installation.  Click on the "Yes" push-button (using the mouse).  When the 
   toolbar and macros have been installed, Microsoft Word will close the 
   "TENGWAR.DOT" file.  

7A) If no dialog box appears (because Microsoft Word has disabled the AutoOpen 
   macro), then you will have to run the AutoOpen macro manually.  From the 
   Microsoft Word "Tools" drop-down menu, select "Macros".  Highlight the macro 
   named "AutoOpen" and click on the "Run" push-button (using the mouse) to 
   begin the installation process. 

8) When you exit Word, it should automatically save the Tengwar macros and 
   toolbar to your default document template (usually called 'Normal.dot').  
   The Tengwar macros and toolbar should now become part of your default 
   Microsoft Word environment.  So when you next start Word, the Tengwar macros 
   and toolbar should automatically appear.

9) To un-install the toolbar and macros, re-open the "TENGWAR.DOT" file with 
   Microsoft Word, and run the AutoOpen macro.  If it detects that the toolbar 
   and macros are installed it will offer you the choice to un-install or 
   re-install them.

I am not a professional programmer and there are bound to be bugs in these 
macros.  So if you discover a bug (or missing feature), please inform me and 
I'll try to fix it as soon as I can.  Please contact me using the email address 
listed above.  When submitting bug reports, please tell me the following:
  1) What platform and operating system you are using (ex: Pentium & Windows95).
  2) What version of Word you are using (ex: US/English Word 95).
  3) What version of the Tengwar font pack you have installed (ex: 1.9d).
  4) Which macro has the bug (ex: SindarinMode).
  5) The exact sequence of characters that you were entering when the bug 
     occurred.



Special Note:
================================================================================
These macros are based on one originally developed by Lester Simons.  Lester 
was a long-time member of the Tolkien Society and skilled Tengwar calligrapher. 
In 1994 Lester emailed me a copy of a Microsoft Word macro he had created for 
my original Tengwar font.  It greatly simplified using my font.  Over the next 
few months Lester instructed me (via email) on how to make my own macros.  The 
Microsoft Word macros in this release are the direct descendants of Lester's 
original macro.  

On October 11th, 1997 Lester Evan Simons died.  You can find out more about 
Lester and the Tolkien Society at the following URL:

  "http://www.tolkiensociety.org/obituary.html"



How do I get these macros to work:
================================================================================
Once installed, you should notice a new Microsoft Word toolbar on your screen 
(default location is upper right).  The toolbar contains five buttons, each 
displaying a different Tengwar letter.  (The five Tengwar letters together spell 
out the name: 'TOLKIEN'.)  Each button is for a macro that supports a distinct 
Tengwar mode for a specific language.  If you have the "tool-tips" option turned 
on, let your cursor rest on a button and the macro name should appear. The five 
language modes supported are:

	Macro Name:       Language:    Mode:
	----------------------------------------------
	QuenyaMode        Quenya       Tengwar-Tehtar
	SindarinMode      Sindarin     Tengwar-Tehtar
	ModeOfBeleriand   Sindarin     Alphabetical
	EnglishModeJRRT   English      Alphabetical
	EnglishModeCJRT   English      Tengwar-Tehtar

These macros greatly simplify using my Tengwar fonts, by displaying a dialog 
box containing many push-buttons, option buttons, and drop-down lists.  Each 
push-button represents a Tengwar letter or Tehtar symbol and is clearly labeled.  
By using the macros you don't have to remember which key on the keyboard is for 
which Tengwar letter or Tehtar symbol.  

Note: All of the macros will disable Word's 'Automatic Spell Checking' feature 
each time they are started.  To re-enable this feature afterwards, click on 
Word's 'Tools' drop-down menu and select 'Options'.  Select the 'Spelling' tab 
and check the 'Automatic Spell Checking' box.

All five macros share many similar features.  These are:
================================================================================

* The left half of the dialog box contains a cluster of buttons in four columns. 
  These buttons represent the standard Tengwar chart (9 rows of 4 columns).  
  Additional rows of buttons may be added if the Language-Mode require them.
  Above the Tengwar buttons is a drop-down list that allows you to specify the 
  color for Tengwar letters (default color is Black).  Clicking on one of the 
  buttons will result in the corresponding Tengwar letter being typed into your 
  document.

* The top portion of the right side of the dialog box contains a similar (but 
  much smaller) box for the Tehtar symbols used by the Language-Mode.  Above the 
  Tehtar buttons is a drop-down list that allows you to specify the color of 
  Tehtar symbols (default color is Black).  Clicking on one of the buttons will 
  result in the corresponding Tehtar symbol being typed into your document (or 
  stored in memory).

* The upper-middle portion of the right side of the dialog box contains two 
  drop-down list.  The first one allows you to specify which Tengwar font you 
  wish to use (default font is 'Tengwar Sindarin').  The second one allows you 
  to specify the font's point size (default size is 20).

* The lower-middle portion of the right side of the dialog box contains three 
  large buttons.  These buttons allow you to override the macro's automatic 
  features and manually enter most of the letters and symbols in all of the 
  fonts in the font pack.  These buttons are: 

  'All Consonants and Vowels' - Clicking this will open a huge dialog box filled 
  with over 150 buttons.  Almost all of the characters in the base font can be 
  accessed from this dialog box.  From this dialog box you can call-up another 
  smaller dialog box for entering all of the Capital Tengwar letters.

  'Punctuation' - Clicking this will open a dialog box for entering both modern 
  and Elvish punctuation marks.

  'Numbers' - Clicking this will open a dialog box for entering Elvish numerals, 
  both decimal and duodecimal.

* The bottom portion of the right side of the dialog box contains buttons for 
  most of the normal editing functions, including:

   Cursor movement       Space key            Backspace key     
   Return key            Cancel key           Help key

  Clicking on the Help key will launch the Tengwar Help file.

The following are notes that are specific to each macro:
================================================================================

QuenyaMode ... Language/Mode: Quenya/Tengwar-Tehtar
==========

The Quenya mode for Tengwar is relatively simple.  The Tengwar letters represent 
the consonant sounds, and the Tehtar symbols represent the vowel sounds.  

The Tehtar are placed over the previous Tengwar.  The macro is programmed to 
remember the last consonant entered, so when you click on a vowel button - the 
proper version of the Tehtar symbol is entered over the previous Tengwar letter.  

If there is no previous Tengwar letter, a 'short carrier' (representing a short 
vowel) is automatically entered.  If the same vowel button is clicked again, the 
previous tehta entry is deleted and a 'long carrier' (representing a long vowel) 
and Tehtar symbol are automatically entered.  

Clicking two different vowel buttons in a row will sometimes result in a Quenya 
diphthong being entered into your Word document.  The macro is programmed to 
respond to the following vowel button combinations:
  AI  OI  UI  = first Tehta is placed above 'yanta'
  AU  EU  IU  = first Tehta is placed above 'ure'

If the a consonant button is clicked twice, an 'under bar' (representing a 
double consonant) is automatically entered under the previous Tengwar.

In the Quenya mode for Tengwar, when the letter 'S' appears at the end of a word 
it is represented by an 's-curl' rather than an 'S' Tengwa.  So when you click 
the 'Space' button, the macro will check to see what was the last letter in the 
previous word.  If it was an 'S' The macro will automatically replace the 'S' 
Tengwa for an appropriate 's-curl', if possible.  

The QuenyaMode macro was tested with:

  Namri Inscription by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1967)
  From: "The Road Goes Ever On: A Song Cycle" Poems by J. R. R. Tolkien set to 
        music by Donald Swann, Houghton Mifflin, 1967, 1978 (ISBN 0-395-24758-6) 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SindarinMode ... Language/Mode: Sindarin/Tengwar-Tehtar
============

The Sindarin mode for Tengwar is in many ways similar to the Quenya mode.  The 
Tengwar letters represent the consonant sounds, and the Tehtar symbols represent 
the vowel sounds.

The Tehtar are placed over the next available Tengwar.  When you click on a 
vowel button - the macro will place the vowel into memory.  If a vowel is in 
memory, it will be displayed in the 'text box' by the vowel buttons.    

With a vowel in memory, if you then click on a consonant button, the proper 
version of the previously entered Tehtar symbol is entered over the Tengwar 
letter.

With a vowel in memory, if you then click on another vowel button, a 'short 
carrier' (representing a short vowel) is automatically entered.  If the same 
vowel button is clicked again, the previous tehta entry is deleted and a 'long 
carrier' (representing a long vowel) and Tehtar symbol is automatically entered. 

If a vowel is in memory and you then click on the 'Space' button, a 'short 
carrier' (representing a short vowel) is automatically entered.   

Clicking two different vowel buttons in a row will sometimes result in a 
Sindarin diphthong being entered into your Word document.  The macro is 
programmed to respond to the following vowel button combinations:
  AE  OE     = first Tehta is placed above 'yanta'
  AI  EI  UI = first Tehta is placed above 'anna'

If the a consonant button is clicked twice, an 'under bar' (representing a 
double consonant) is automatically entered under the previous Tengwar.

When certain consonants are preceded by a nasal sound (N or M), The nasal sound 
is represented by an 'over-bar'.  The macro is programmed to respond to the 
following consonant button combinations:
  MB  MP  ND  NG  NN  NT    

In this Sindarin mode for Tengwar, when the letter 'H' appears after the letter 
"M" it is represented by a 'downward pointing curl' attached to the 'M' Tengwa.  
So when you click the 'H' button, the macro will check to see if the previous 
letter was 'M'.  If it was an 'M' The macro will automatically replace the 'H' 
Tengwa for an appropriate 'downward pointing curl'.  

The SindarinMode macro was tested with:

  The Third Copy of the King's Letter Inscription by J. R. R. Tolkien (1992)
  From: "Sauron Defeated: The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part Four", 
        page 131, (The History of Middle-earth Vol IX). edited by Christopher 
        Tolkien, Houghton Mifflin, 1992 (ISBN 0-395-60649-7)



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModeOfBeleriand ... Language/Mode: Sindarin/Alphabetical
===============

The Sindarin Mode of Beleriand is very different from the regular Sindarin mode.  
The Tengwar letters represent all of the consonant sounds and almost every vowel 
sound.  (Both the short and long carrier are used to represent the 'I' sound.)

Some Tehta are still used.  Long vowels are marked with an acute accent mark. 
If a vowel button is clicked twice, an acute accent mark will be inserted 
above the vowel indicating that it is a long vowel. 

Two Tehtars that are still in use are the 'Y' and 'W'.  These are placed over 
the previous character.  They are often used in conjunction with the vowel 
Tengwar to make diphthongs.  The macro is programmed to remember the last few 
Tengwar entered, so if you click on a Tehta button - the proper version of the 
Tehtar symbol is entered over the previous Tengwar letter.

Sometimes an over dot is placed above a Tengwar letter.  This dot has no 
phonetic value.  It exists to help the reader distinguish one Tengwa from 
another, where they might appear to be running together.

If a consonant button is clicked twice, an 'under bar' (representing a 
double consonant) is automatically entered under the previous Tengwar.
(In the top line of the 'West Gate of Moria' inscription the word 'mellon' is 
spelled with two 'L's - indicating that this rule is not strictly enforced.)
If you do want to place the same Tengwar twice without getting the 'under bar', 
click on the 'space' and 'backspace' buttons to clear the macro's memory of 
what was the last character entered, and then place the second Tengwar.

When certain consonants are preceded by a nasal sound (N or M), The nasal sound 
is represented by an 'over-bar'.  The macro is programmed to respond to the 
following consonant button combinations:
  MB  MP  ND  NG  NN  NT    

In this Sindarin mode for Tengwar, when the letter 'H' appears after the letter 
"M" it is represented by a 'downward pointing curl' attached to the 'M' Tengwa.  
So when you click the 'H' button, the macro will check to see if the previous 
letter was 'M'.  If it was an 'M' The macro will automatically replace the 'H' 
Tengwa for an appropriate 'downward pointing curl'.  

The ModeOfBeleriand macro was tested with:

  The West Gate of Moria Inscription by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1954)
  From: "The Lord of the Rings", volume 1; "The Fellowship of the Ring", 
        Houghton Mifflin, 1987 (ISBN 0-395-48931-8)

  O Elbereth Inscription by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1967)
  From: "The Road Goes Ever On: A Song Cycle" Poems by J. R. R. Tolkien set to 
        music by Donald Swann, Houghton Mifflin, 1967, 1978 (ISBN 0-395-24758-6) 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EnglishModeJRRT ... Language/Mode: English/Alphabetical
===============

The English Mode of Beleriand is in many ways similar to the Sindarin Mode of 
Beleriand.  The Tengwar letters represent all of the consonant sounds and almost 
every vowel sound.

Some Tehta are still used.  Long vowels are marked with an acute accent mark. 
If a vowel button is clicked twice, an acute accent mark will be inserted 
above the vowel indicating that it is a long vowel. 

Two Tehtars that are still used are the 'Y' and 'W'.  These are placed over the 
previous Tengwar letter.  They are often used in conjunction with the vowel 
Tengwar letters to represent diphthongs.  The macro is programmed to remember 
the last few characters entered, so when you click on a Tehta button - the 
proper version of the Tehtar symbol is entered over the previous Tengwar letter.

Sometimes an 'over-dot' tehta is placed above a Tengwar vowel.  This 'over-dot' 
signifies that vowel's sound has changed somehow.  (The Tengwar Help file should 
explain all of these complexities.  For example, the 'A' Tengwa represents the 
'a' as in the word 'calm'.  Placing a dot over the 'A' Tengwa changes its sound 
to the 'a' as in the word 'cat'.)  To place a dot over a Tengwar letter click on 
the Tehta button that is marked with a '*'.  The macro is programmed to remember 
the last few characters entered, so when you click on a Tehta button - the 
proper version of the Tehtar symbol is entered over the previous Tengwar letter.

A 'schwa' is a linguistic term for a 'neutral, unstressed vowel'.  (As in 'but' 
or 'of'.)  In English almost any vowel can be used to represent a schwa.  
Tolkien accounted for this feature in this mode.  There are three Tengwar 
letters and one Tehta symbol that can be used to represent the schwa.  The 
buttons for these letters are marked with English lowercase letters.  The 
'i-schwa' is the 'short carrier', the regular 'i-vowel' is represented by the 
'short carrier' with an 'over-dot'.  

The schwa Tehta is the 'under-dot'.  Unlike the other Tehtar in this mode, it is 
placed under the next available Tengwar.  When you click on the schwa-Tehta 
button - the macro will place the schwa into memory.  If a schwa is in memory, 
it will be displayed in the 'text box' by the Tehtar buttons.  With the schwa-
Tehta in memory, if you then click on a consonant button, the proper version of 
the 'under-dot' Tehtar symbol is entered under the Tengwar letter.

If a consonant button is clicked twice, an 'under bar' (representing a 
double consonant) is automatically entered under the previous Tengwar.
If you do want to place the same Tengwar twice without getting the 'under bar', 
click on the 'space' and 'backspace' buttons to clear the macro's memory of 
what was the last character entered, and then place the second Tengwar.

When certain consonants are preceded by a nasal sound (N or M), The nasal sound 
is represented by an 'over-bar'.  The macro is programmed to respond to the 
following consonant button combinations:
  MB  MP  ND  NG  NJ  NK  NN  NT    

This English mode for Tengwar also uses two 'short hand' Tengwar letter to 
represent commonly used words.  Tengwar buttons for 'of' and 'the' can be found
in the lower-left corner of the macro dialog box.  If you click the 'of' and 
'the' buttons in a row,  the macro will simply place an under-bar under the 'of' 
Tengwa creating the 'short hand' Tengwa for 'of the'.

The EnglishModeJRRT macro was tested with:

  Old Tom Bombadil Inscription by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien  (1979)
  From: "Pictures by J.R.R. Tolkien", 
  Houghton Mifflin, 1979, 1992 (ISBN 0-395-60648-9)

  Errantry Inscription by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1979)
  From: "Pictures by J.R.R. Tolkien", 
  Houghton Mifflin, 1979, 1992 (ISBN 0-395-60648-9)



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EnglishModeCJRT ... Language/Mode: English/Tengwar-Tehtar
===============

The Christopher Tolkien's Tengwar mode for English is in many ways similar to 
the Sindarin mode.  The Tengwar letters represent the consonant sounds, and the 
Tehtar symbols represent the vowel sounds.  It is used on the title pages of all 
the books that he edited.  This mode is 'quasi-phonetic', meaning that sometimes 
words are spelled the way they sound, and sometimes they follow regular English 
spelling (not always phonetic).

The Tehtar are placed over the next available Tengwar.  When you click on a 
vowel button - the macro will place the vowel into memory.  If a vowel is in 
memory, it will be displayed in the 'text box' by the vowel buttons.    

With a vowel in memory, if you then click on a consonant button, the proper 
version of the previously entered Tehtar symbol is entered over the Tengwar 
letter.  

With a vowel in memory, if you then click on another vowel button, a 'short 
carrier' (representing a short vowel) is automatically entered.  If the same 
vowel button is clicked again, the previous tehta entry is deleted and a 'long 
carrier' (representing a long vowel) and Tehtar symbol are automatically entered. 

If a vowel is in memory and you then click on the 'Space' button, a 'short 
carrier' (representing a short vowel) is automatically entered and the vowel in 
memory will be placed above the 'short carrier'.

Christopher Tolkien occasionally places Tehtar symbols under Tengwar letters. 
For example: if the last letter in a word is 'E', the Tehta is placed under the 
previous Tengwar.  So if the vowel 'E' is in memory and you then click on the 
'Space' button, an 'under-dot' will be placed below the last character entered.

In this English mode for Tengwar, when the letter 'S' appears at the end of a 
word it is represented by an 's-curl' rather than an 'S' Tengwa.  So when you 
click the 'Space' button, the macro will check to see what was the last letter 
in the previous word.  If it was an 'S' The macro will automatically replace it 
with an appropriate 's-curl' (if possible).  

If the same consonant button is clicked twice, an 'under bar' (representing a 
double consonant) is automatically entered under the previous Tengwar.

When certain consonants are preceded by a nasal sound (N or M), The nasal sound 
is represented by an 'over-bar'.  The macro is programmed to respond to the 
following consonant button combinations:
  MB  MP  ND  NG  NN  NT    

This English mode for Tengwar also uses two 'short hand' Tengwar letter to 
represent commonly used words.  Tengwar buttons for 'of' and 'the' can be found
in the lower-left corner of the macro dialog box.  If you click the 'of' and 
'the' buttons in a row,  the macro will simply place an under-bar under the 'of' 
Tengwa creating the 'short hand' Tengwa for 'of the'.

The EnglishModeCJRT macro was tested with:

  The Silmarillion Title Page Inscription by Christopher Tolkien (1977)
  From: "The Silmarillion", Edited by Christopher Tolkien
        Houghton Mifflin, 1977 (ISBN 0-395-25730-I)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Have fun!


